The ancient roots of the Indo-Europeans

Scattered notes on the origins and position of our ethnolinguistic family within the framework of traditional history. Summary of the conference heldΒ on Friday 27 January 2017 at Trieste.

di Michael Ruzzai
cover: Boris Olshansky

At the opening of the conference, the Indo-European geographical distribution (from Bengal to Iceland), its sub-groups (Romance, Germanic, Celtic, Slavic, Indo-Iranian ...) and the difference with the European populations not belonging to our ethnolinguistic family was quickly outlined. (Basques, Maltese, various Uralians, Caucasians ...). Quick references to the research of the first Indo-European studies (William Jones, Fratelli Schegel, Franz Bopp ...) and to the progressive definition of a clear unitary entity, also connected to aspects of a spiritual / cultural order (the sacral tripartition outlined by Georges Dumezil, the researches of Emile Benveniste, the three Arya castes in india) with the reconstruction of an original proto-Indo-European language (Ursprache) at the time necessarily spoken by a cohesive people (Urvolk), which must have been identified in a specific homeland (Urheimat).Β On the basis of the initial importance attributed to Sanskrit, this early Proto-Indo-European cradle was first placed in the vicinity of the Indian area, a location which was then progressively moved to the west in a discussion that has lasted, and shows no signs of running out, for a century now. and a half. Among the many hypotheses formulated, the "Kurganic" one of Gordon Childe / Marija Gimbutas (original homeland of the V millennium BC in the steppes of southern Russia with a nomadic population of the steppes), the "Anatolian" of Colin, seemed to be of particular importance for the debate stimulated. Renfrew (primary nucleus of the 40.000th millennium BC in present-day Turkey with a Neolithic population and agricultural economy) and the β€œcontinuist” one of Mario Alinei (coincidence of the Indo-Europeanization of the continent with the first human colonization of at least XNUMX years ago).

The latter theory, although to be rejected in its basic acceptance of the theory "Out of Africa"(Origin of Homo Sapiens in Africa and its subsequent planetary diffusion), however, presents the interesting aspect of backdating the age of our ethnolinguistic family to Paleolithic times, a chronological horizon used - or, at least, not excluded a priori - also by several other scholars (Sera, Devoto, Durante, Obermaier, Kuhn, Kossinna, Georgiev…). This is an approach that is, after all, in good agreement with the most recent acquisitions of paleogenetics which would highlight a clear preponderance, in the current European genome, of the Paleolithic inheritance compared to the more recent Neolithic one, and can be well integrated with the hypotheses (Marek Zvelebil) of a diffusion of the agricultural economy through mainly cultural modalities, by indigenous European populations, rather than demographic ones, by means of colonizers coming from warm areas at low latitude. Geographical aspect, the latter, which finds a further obstacle in the survey (Marcello Durante, Giacomo Devoto) of how concepts and words related to snow, winter and cold find very similar expressions in the various Indo-European languages, indicating a probable Primordial homeland located at far higher latitudes than the Anatolian ones.

The same probable placement of the Proto-Indo-European in broader macro-families (Andreev's "Protoboreal", or Greenberg's "Eurasian") or in any case the presence of not negligible linguistic connections with geographically Nordic groups such as the Eskimo (Uhlenbeck) or the Uralic (Koppen) appear highly indicative. Precisely in relation to this last hypothesis, and to a very probable proximity of the Indo-European protopatry with the Uralic one (which, unlike ours, is quite certainly placed by linguists in the same areas currently occupied by the relative populations), the hypothesis of one Urheimat Aryan located near the Barents Sea and its surrounding "amphitheater" (Russian-northern shores / Pechora basin, Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, North Cape, Kola Peninsula): quadrant which once enjoyed, like all the Arctic Ocean, with better climatic conditions than the current ones (analysis by Saks, Belov, Lapina) and it appears to have never been occupied by the Wurmian ice cap as it seems established that the "Scandinavian shield" never came to join the smaller glaciers of the Siberian peninsulas of Jamal and Tajmyr. In this context, the finds found by Valerij Diomin in the Kola peninsula, dating back to about 20.000 years ago, are of particular interest.

Thomas-Kinkade17
Thomas Kinkade.

This is evidence in clear agreement with the more mythical / sacred analyzes developed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak who, in his main work "The Arctic abode in the Vedas", Hypothesizes a clearly boreal origin of the Hindu Tradition, on the basis of Vedic passages of an astronomical nature that can be satisfactorily explained (the movement of the celestial vault compared to that of an umbrella above the head; the very prolonged development and the" rotating "dynamics of the Ushas, the Vedic sunrises ...) only from an observation point north of the Arctic Circle. But also in other Indo-European traditions similar elements are present: in the Iranian one, for example, theAiryanem Vaejo, "Cradle of the Aryans", a land characterized by 7 months of winter and 5 of summer, as well as the Avesta equates a human year to a divine day (in the sense of an alternation of light / darkness of 6 months each), while in the In the Hellenic tradition there is the myth of Persephone who similarly re-proposes the winter / summer alternation by dividing her presence every six months between underground Hades and her mother Demeter. It must be said that the traditionalist world, who is obviously an attentive explorer of these archaic Myths, has nevertheless recorded, on the Indo-European theme, a clear divergence of views between Julius Evola (who has always placed the Ario-Europeans at the center of his historical-traditional analyzes and has extensively referred to researchers such as, for example, Herman Wirth) and Renè Guenon (who instead has always considered them nothing more than a mere abstraction of some Indo-European scholars of the Germanic school of glottology): evaluations, the latter, which seem frankly excessive also in the light of more than a century of serious linguistic-archaeological research, but which in any case does not prevent us from taking up some concepts from Guenon himself, however useful for a more precise collocation, in temporal terms, of Aryan ethnogenesis.

It must first be remembered that the French, in its historical analyzes, refers to the Hindu concept of Manvantara - global cycle of humanity lasting about 65.000 years - in turn divided into 4 Yuga (Satya, Ruse, Dvapara e Kali Yuga, each of decreasing duration in the measure 4-3-2-1) or even in 5 Great Years (each, however, of equal amplitude and equal to about 13.000 years, or half of a complete precessional cycle); this latter subdivision would seem more consistent with the indications of the Greek Hesiod, which in fact also indicates 5 Ages: Gold, Silver, Bronze, Heroes, Iron. Well, even if he practically never deals with Indo-Europeans, Guenon still remembers with some frequency the theme of the Hyperborean origins of present humanity, in its auroral moment at the beginning of our Manvantara (i.e. about 65.000 years ago, since the current ones would seem to be the end times of Kali Yuga, after which a clear cosmological break should occur and a new one should begin Manvantara, with a new humanity); such Guenonian references of a Nordic character, read parallel to those of Evolve (there are many references in the second part of "Revolt against the modern world") and perhaps combined with the analyzes of Tilak or other more recent ones (eg those of Felice Vinci on "Homer in the Baltic") In my opinion they have had the effect of leading to undue overlapping of places, but above all of times and subjects involved in the Northern events. It is good to reiterate, that is, that Guenon speaks of the hyperborean origin of humanity as a whole, while Evola on the basis of Wirth seems instead to refer mainly to a less ecumenical entity (the "Pre-Nordic Race") and perhaps to a lesser temporal depth (probably not older than 40.000 years); Tilak refers to Vedic culture alone in a horizon that does not seem to exceed 10-12.000 years ago at the most. Finally, Vinci refers to an even smaller group, the Hellenes before their settling in Greece starting from the previous Nordic-Scandinavian seat, who would have inhabited only a very few millennia BC

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Boris Olshansky.

In this somewhat confused panorama, my opinion is that Indo-European ethnogenesis - the specific object of this meeting - should be placed in Paleolithic times and certainly far more remote than those hypothesized by Renfrew and Gimbutas, but nevertheless not so ancient as to overlap with primordial human phase, also hyperborean, remembered by Guenon. Probably the Fourth Great Year, placed between 26.000 and 13.000 years ago, can constitute the most logical time frame and the reference racial bed would be that Heroic Race - to use the Hesiod categories and interpret them in a quinary perspective, parallel to the 5 Great Years of the Manvantara - with Nordic phenotypic characteristics which, however, it must be remembered, would not have provided the anthropological basis only to the Indo-European family if it is true that eloquent elements such as biondism are also present among Uralics, Caucasians and even among the North African Berbers. This Heroic Race would represent a variant depigmented and forged among the crevices of the Paleolithic ice of a previous type, but also fundamentally Europoid, like the Cro-Magnon, whose original characteristics were perhaps less Nordic than the "heroic" ones as they derive more directly from that primordial Edenic phase immersed in the ancient "Eternal Spring", a climatic mildness that appears not very consistent with the development of depigmented types.

Moreover, to these antecedent and not yet "Northernized" Cro-Magnons, a very early ethnic stratification could be attributed perhaps corresponding to the Sino-Dene-Caucasian linguistic family (which would collect idioms today rather isolated from each other, such as Basque, Chechen , the Siberian ket, the Pakistani burushaski, the Sinotibetan, the North American nadene). In any case, in the Fourth Great Year, after a first more static phase which saw the birth of the Heroic Race, it is probable that the advent of a Wurmian resurgence - the second glacial maximum of about 18-20.000 years ago - forced the forced abandonment of the aforementioned Airyanem Vejo located near the Barents Sea and at the meeting / clash, to the south, between the westernmost branch of the Nordic-heroic team, the Proto-Indo-Europeans, and the non-depigmented chromagnoid populations of the Atlantic area: hence the memory of the discord between the Tuatha de Danann and of fir bolg (Celtic myth) and of the Γ†sir with vanir (Norse myth). Conflict finally ended with the definitive merger - in that sort of "melting pot" before its time which must have been Atlantis - between the two sister lineages perhaps remembered by the fact that i vanir more valiant were welcomed into the assembly of Γ†sir.

But after the glacial ones, it was now the turn of deluge-type catastrophes that began to hit the southernmost part of the oceanic continent (but, for a few millennia, leaving the northernmost areas still unharmed) forcing the populations settled there to a new displacement of mass. It would be that "horizontal migration" also mentioned by Julius Evola, which would have brought to the Mediterranean basin all those Atlantic populations, but already proto-Indo-European, recognizable for example in the pre-Hellenic Pelasgians, of which traces perhaps remain in the European hydrotoponomy studied by Hans Krahe, who believed that the names of most of the European rivers could be traced back to Indo-European-archaic roots: in this way, clearly resizing the "pre-Indo-European" element hitherto considered primary by other researchers (an element certainly present previously, of which the aforementioned Sino-Dene-Caucasian family, but almost entirely annihilated by the western "ario-archaic" wave, except for the very few enclaves still visible today: Basques, Chechens, perhaps the Circassians).

In the north of the Atlantic lands, some areas presumably located between Ireland-Scotland-Faeroe and Iceland, of which the current residue is perhaps the "Rockall Bank": these areas would correspond to what the Iranian myth is the "Mo-Uru”, The second occupied land after Airyanem Vaejo and also mentioned by Herman Wirth, who is perhaps remembered with greater precision than the southernmost Atlantic areas (and submerged first) because it can be assumed that it represented a sacral center in the image of the original cradle, therefore more protected from the conflict / fusion dynamics with non-depigmented Atlantic populations. But this "North Atlantic" was not long in being hit by other diluvial catastrophes: the paleo-climatological evidence in fact highlights at least three distinct episodes of sudden ocean level rise between 14.000 and 8.000 years ago, one of which must have been the " Storegga landslide ”which was caused by a huge landslide in the seabed on the edge of the Norwegian continental shelf. The abandonment of the North Atlantic site was therefore also necessary and the start of what Evola also defines as a "transverse migration" - north-west-south-east direction - hence the memory of the Celts of the lost Avallon, located in a north-western quadrant: perhaps this North Atlantic catastrophe is remembered in the Hellenic myth as the Flood of Ogyges. The first area occupied by transverse migration must have been the Doggerland, the ancient Anglo-Scandinavian plain now under the waters of the North Sea, which must have represented an ideal habitat for Mesolithic hunter-gatherer-fishermen (Ertebolle culture); the submersion of this expanse represented the last oceanic episode of some importance, although it developed with a slower and less sudden dynamic than the previous ones, and probably corresponds to the Deluge of Deucalion in the Hellenic Myth.

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Boris Olshansky.

The populations thus pushed towards the European hinterland thus determined the deeper structure of the current European genetic diversity, the "first main component", identified by Cavalli Sforza, which in fact shows a clearly transversal gradient; the fact that this evidence is instead interpreted by researchers from a completely opposite perspective - that is, an advance from south-east to north-west in relation to the Neolithic expansion of agriculture - collides with two not negligible data. The first, already mentioned above, is that the fact is increasingly emerging that the agricultural economy does not seem to have moved so much in "demic" terms (direct entry of new Middle Eastern populations), but rather in cultural terms (substantial permanence of indigenous paleo-Mesolithic peoples with the sole acquisition of new production techniques). The second datum can be evaluated directly from the trend of the first main component on the map, where one of the two extreme values ​​of scale - approximately attested between western Scandinavia, the Baltic coast, Denmark, northern Germany, Holland and the north of the British Isles - seems to draw a semicircular area: a conformation that rather recalls the idea of ​​an expansion area and not of an arrival point. Furthermore, as also appropriately noted by Francisco Villar, the value of the opposite end of the scale of the measured quantities does not start from Anatolia, as it should be if the phenomenon represented were that of genetic diversity brought by Neolithic peasants, but from Iraq, if not from northern Arabia, which are completely incongruous areas from the point of view of agricultural expansion.

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One of the cultures that must have been central to this transversal movement was the Neolithic culture of the "Funnel-shaped glass" which covered a territory quite similar to that of Ertebolle. But the Indo-European unity, apart from the very previous "Ario-Archaic" stratification linked to the old "horizontal" migration, began to disintegrate when a part of these populations moved east of the Vistula, probably going to constitute the first nucleus of languages "Satem" (Baltics, Slavs, Iranians, Indoarii), while the "kentum" branch (Celts, Italics, Germans, Hellenes) had to remain from those who still remained in the Northern European offices. In the continuation, therefore, of the general north-west / south-east movement, from Poland the easternmost Indo-European groups infiltrated Russia and Ukraine up to the shores of the Black Sea, probably going to constitute the first phases of Kurganic cultures: those that, according to the aforementioned lines of Marija Gimbutas, they would have constituted a nucleus of radiation of our linguistic family but only, we see it now, in a secondary key, that is, by not representing this area the primordial Indo-European Urheimat, and in fact affecting the genetics of the population of our continent much less (being identified only by the "third main component") compared to the fundamental north-west / south-east movement.

Anyone interested in the topics covered in this article and in Michele Ruzzai's research can follow his facebook groupΒ MANvantara. Anthropology, Ethnos, Tradition.

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Event poster.

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