The Victorian β€œGothic Revival” and the romantic nostalgia for the Middle AgesΒ 

William Morris's literary work is an expression of the climax of his time: the gothic revival of the Victorian era aimed at evoking a fantasy Middle Ages, an invention to be contrasted with modernity. Thus Morris re-elaborates and retrieves symbols, themes and topoi of romances and poems of the medieval age: the cyclical journey, of initiation, of the hero protagonist, the trials to be overcome represented by the "merciless lady" and the perilous wood, the romantic nostalgia for forgotten times, for remote places that belonged to a mythical past. Everyone fears that Tolkien he will make his own and present them in a new light, renewing them, in "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings".